01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin with olive oil or nonstick cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, sugar, instant yeast, and salt until evenly distributed.
03 - Pour warm water and olive oil into the dry ingredients. Mix with a spatula or wooden spoon until a sticky, shaggy dough forms.
04 - Fold in chopped rosemary, minced garlic, and black pepper. Stir until evenly distributed throughout the dough.
05 - Divide dough evenly among the 12 muffin cups, filling each about ¾ full. Brush tops with additional olive oil. Sprinkle with extra rosemary and flaky sea salt if using.
06 - Cover loosely with a clean kitchen towel. Place in a warm, draft-free area for 20 minutes until dough puffs slightly.
07 - Bake for 18–20 minutes until tops are golden brown and muffins sound hollow when tapped gently.
08 - Let muffins cool in the tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack. Serve warm or at room temperature.